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SmokingAttributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Economic Costs Org in Tobacco Shopping Supplies Directory

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and produces substantial healthrelated economic costs to society 1,2. This report presents the annual estimates of the disease impact of smoking in the United States during 19951999. CDC calculated national estimates of annual smokingattributable mortality SAM, years of potential life lost YPLL, smokingattributable medical expenditures SAEs for adults and infants, and productivity costs for adults. Results show that during 19951999, smoking caused approximately 440,000 premature deaths in the United States annually and approximately $157 billion in annual healthrelated economic losses. Implementation of comprehensive tobaccocontrol programs as recommended by CDC 3 could effectively reduce the prevalence, disease impact, and economic costs of smoking. The disease impact of smoking was estimated by using the Adult and Maternal and Child Health SmokingAttributable Mortality, Morbidity, and Economic Costs SAMMEC software 4. Smokingattributable deaths were calculated by multiplying estimates of the smokingattributable fraction SAF of preventable deaths by total mortality data for 18 adult and four infant causes of death. For adults, SAFs were derived by using relative risks RRs for each cause of death from the American Cancer Societys Cancer Prevention StudyII CPSII;19821988 5 and current and former cigarette smoking prevalence for two age cohorts: persons aged 3564 years and persons aged >65 years 4.* For infants, SAFs were calculated by using RRs of death for infants of women who smoked during pregnancy and maternal smoking rates from birth certificates for 46 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City birth certificate data for 19951999 were not available for California, Indiana, South Dakota, and the mainder of New York 4. Smokingattributable YPLL and productivity costs were estimated by multiplying age and sexspecific SAM by remaining life expectancy and lifetime earnings data, respectively. Smokingattributable fire deaths 6 were included in the SAM and YPLL estimates; SAM included lung cancer and heart disease deaths attributable to exposure to secondhand smoke

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